Starting and lighting system



T. R. DU BOIS.

STARTING AND LIGHTING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.28| I9I6. RENEWED JUNE 23. I920.

Patented Feb. 8, 1921.

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glvumntoz II/Mm T. R. DU BOIS.

STARTING AND LIGHTING SYSTEM. APPLICATION FILED AUG.28, 191s. RENEWEDJUNE 23. I920- 1,367,804. Patented Feb. 8,1921.

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THOMAS R. DU 3018, OF NTAGARA FALLS,

HEAT CORPORATION, OF NIAGARA FALLS, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEW-YORK.

Application and August '28, 1916, Serial in. 117,190. Renewed m.

T 0 all whom it may concern Be it known that I, \THOMAS R. Du 1301s, acitizen of the United States, residing at Niagara Falls, in the countyof Niagara and State of New York, have invented new and usefulImprovements in Starting and Lighting Systems, of which the following isa specification.

The present invention relates to starting and lighting systems.

In certain starting and lighting systems for automobiles, it has beenproposed to use dynamoelectric machines havlng both motoring andgenerating functions, which machines are provided with a plurality ofwinding circuits connected in parallel during the motoring operation forthe purpose of delivering a high torque, certain of which circuits areout out during the generat ng operation. The present invention relatesto im rovements in systems of this variety.

Sne object of thepresent invention is to provide an engine starting andlighting system involving dynamo-electric machinery having both motoringand generating functions which will re-start the automobile engine if ittends to stall.

A further object is to provide a starting and lighting system forautomobiles involving in a novel manner a non-stall switch whereby .theautomobile engine will be restarted if it tends to stall.

In certain non-stall systems for automobiles, there is a wide range ofspeed within which the storage battery will tend to drive the automobilethrough the engine crank shaft, resulting in a severe drain on thebattery. A further object of the present invention is to minimize thisdrain.

Further objects will be apparent as the description proceeds.

Referring now to the drawings- Figure 1 represents one embodiment of thepresent invention.

Fig. 2 represents a modified embodiment.

Referring first to Fig. 1, the numeral 1 represents a dynamo-electricmachine having both motoring and generating functions. Thedynamo-electric machine illustrated'in Fig. 1 is of the type describedand claimed in the a plication for United States Letters Patent SerialNo. 856,805, filed August 14,

Specification o1 Letters'Patent.

NEW. YORK, ASSIGNOR To U. s. LIGHT c STARTING AND LIGHTING SYSTEM.

Patented Feb. 8, 1921. 2a, 192o. Serial No. 391,157.

1914, by LewisW. Nelson, or the modification thereofdescribed andclaimed in the application for United States Letters Patent Serial N 0.29,067, filed May 19, 1915, by Wil- 11am A. Turba no and Thomas R. DuBois, said dynamo-e ectric machine comprising a stationary field magnet2, herein illustrated as a 6-pole magnet. Surrounding said field magnet1s a rlng-wound rotatable armature 3. Cooperating with the ring windingof the armature are six fixed brushes, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, of thesebrushes, 4, 6 and 8 are of like polarity, illustrated as positive,whereas the Intermediate brushes 5, 7 and9 are of the opposite polarity.Brushes- 4, 6 and 8 are connected by a conductor of low resistancewhereby said brushes will be of the same potential. Brushes 5 and 9 arealso connected by a conductor of low whereby said brushes 5 and 9 willbe of the same potential. The field magnet is provided with six salientpoles, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15. Of these'poles, poles 10, 11, 12,113and 14 are provided with a series field, windmg 10*, connected in serieswith the outside circuit of the dynamo-electric machine. Pole 15 isprovided with a shunt winding 15- which is illustrated as beingconnected between one terminal 16 of the series winding on the pole 14and the negative brush 7. The terminal 16 of the series winding isconnected bymeans of a conductor 17 with the ositive terminal of thestorage battery 18.

he negative side of the battery is connected to the negative brushes ofthe dynam0-elec-.

trio machine through circuits which are presently to be described.Across the terminals of the storage battery 18 is a lighting circuit 19.

Connected to the negative brushes 5 and 9 is the conductor 20, leadingtothe fixed contact 21. Cooperating with the fixed contact 21 is thefixed contact 22. These contacts are adapted to be bridged by the switch23. Said switch 23 is adapted to be operated by .the magnetic core 24which is responsive to the energization of the winding 25. The conductor26 connects the negative side of the storage battery with the fixedcontact 22.

Connected with the negative brush 7 is a conductor 27 leading to thepivot point 28 of a manually operable switch 29. Cooperat-ing with theswitch 25) are two fixed contacts 30 and 31. Contact 30 is connected bythe conductor 32 to one side of the winding 25, the other side of saidwinding being connected to the conductor 26.

A magneto for supplying the engine ignition is representedby the numeral33. When the switch 29 is thrown into contact with contact 31, themagneto 33 will be short-circuited and rendered inoperative.

When the operator desires to start the automobile engine, not shown, hewill close the switch 29 on contact 30, thereby completing a circuitfrom the positive side of the storage battery, through the conductor 17to the point 16, through the shunt field winding to the conductor 27,through switch conductor 32. winding 25 and conductor 26, back to thenegative side of the storage battery. From the point 16, current willalso pass through series winding 10 to the brushes 6 and S to the brush7. passing through the coils of the ring-wound armature interposedbetween brushes (5 and T and 8 and 7. From the brush 7 current will passthrough the switch 2 and winding 25, back to the negative side of thestorage battery. The passing of current through the winding will closethe "Ail-l1 23 on the contacts 21 and 22. In additi: n to the circuitsjust traced, cu rent will now pass over the following circuit: from thepositive side of the storage battery to the point 16, through the seriewinding 10 to the brushes 4, 6 and 3 and through the intervening coilsof the ring-woiuid armature to the negative brushes 5 and 9. thencepassing through conductor 20, switch 23 to the negative side of thestorage battery. All of the armature coils v. ill now be energized inparallel circuits, and the series winding 10 will be connected inparallel with the shunt winding 15 The parallel circuits will actcumulatively to develop a high torque for starting purposes. After theautomobile engine becomes self-actuating, it will drive thedynamo-electric machine as a generator, developing a voltage acrosspositive brushes (3 and 6 and negative brush 7. The field energizationof the dynamo-electric machine will be derived from the shunt coil 15and the E. M. F. developed will be the algebraic sum of the E. M. F.sdeveloped in the armature coils between brushes 6 and 8. Theenergization due to the series field winding 10 will be practically'negligible, for the reason that the amperage, when the machine isoperating as a generator, will be relatively small and the serieswinding will be composed of a relatively small number of turns. Furthermore. the E. M. Es developed in the coils of the ring-wound armature.except those adiaccnt the shunt wound pole, will cancel out.

due to the alternate arran ement of positive and negative field poles.The particular dynamo-electric machine illustrated will have a valuableself-regulatingaction, but as such regulating action constitutes no partof the present invention, no explanation will be given herein of saidregulating action.

through a circuit extending from'the positive brushes 6 and 8 throughthe series winding 10 to the point 16, conductor 1?, storage battery 18,winding 25, conductor 32, switch 29, to negative brush 7. The coils inthe arc including brushes 6, 5, 4, 9 and 8. it will be noted, are out ofcircuit at this time.

Should the automobile engine tend to stall, resulting in a materialdecrease in speed of the dynamo-electric machine, current will pass fromthe storage battery through the dynamo-electric machine and winding backto the storage battery, acting to again close switch 23 and againenergize all the coils to operate the dynamo-electric machine as aInortor to start the automobile engine.

The operator will leave the switch 29 in contact with the contact 30' aslong as he desires his engine to operate. Then be desires to stop hisengine, he will swing switch 2-9 out of contact with contact 30 and intocontact with contact 31, thereby opening the circuit of thedynamo-electric machine and closing a short circuit around the magneto33, thereby rendering said magneto inoperative.

It will be noted from the above description that while thedynamo-electric machine is operating as a generator to charge thestorage battery and supply the lighting circuit 19, the switch 23 willbe open. The Winding 25 will be so designed that it will be unable toclose the switch 23 while the charging current is passing therethrough.The discharging current from the storage battery to the dynamo-electricmachine will be much heavier than the charging current. Actuated by suchdischarging current, the winding 25 will be sufiiciently energized toclose said switch 23.

The manner in which the embodiment of the present invention disclosed inFig. 1 will minimize the drain on the storage battery will now beexplained. By Way of example it may be assumed that the dynamoelectricmachine will be operative to suppl'" the battery and the lights when theautomobile is running at a speed of ten miles an hour or more. It mayalso be assumed that the engine Wlll tend to stall when the speed, onhigh gear, is reduced to two miles per hour. In the non-stall systemsnow in use, though there 1s no necessity for drawing on the batterybetween the speeds of two and ten miles per hour, the battery will bedischarging current to the dynamo-electric machine to drive same as amotor, thus helping to drive the automobile-an uneconomical procedure.According to the present invention, the w nding 25 may be designed toclose the swltch 23 only when the automobile speed is reduced to nearlytwo miles per hour. Between the speeds of two and ten miles per hour,therefore, the greater part of the parallel armature circuits will becut out of circuit and the battery may discharge through. only thearmature windings embraced by brushes 6, 7 and 8. Only when the enginetends to stall and'needs energy from the battery will the switch 23close to throw in circuit the parallel branches of the armaturewindings. The figures chosen, it will be understood, are taken merely byway of example.

Referring now to the embodiment of the invention disclosed in Fig. 2, adifferent type of dynamo-electric machine is represented. The dynamoelectric machine shown in Fig. 2 is of the type described and claimed inan application of Willi-am A. Turbayne for United States Letters PatentNo. 7, 586, filed February 11, 1915. The dynamo-electric machine isprovided with two armatures, one of which for convenience, may bereferred to as a generator .armature and the other of which may bereferred to as a motor armature. Under motoring conditions, saidarmatures are energized in parallel circuits and act cumulativelythrough suitable transmission means to supply a high torque for startingpur-. poses. Under generating conditions, only the generator armature isemployed, the motor armature being open-circuited and suitable meansbeing provided whereby the motor armature is thrown out of drivingrelation with said generator armature. The dynamo-electric machine isprovided with a field frame 3 1 and two armatures 35 and 36. Thearmature'35 will be provided with a lowresistance winding and is the one abovereferred to as the motor armature. The armature 36 will be provided witha high resistance winding and is the one referred to above as thegenerator armature. The

field frame 34 is provided with series coils 37, 37. Connected acrossthe brushes of the high resistance generator armature 36 is a shuntfield winding 38. A bucking coil 39 is connected.in the charging circuitto out down the field excitation as the current outlow resistance motorarmature to the posi tive side of the storage battery 18.

When the operator desires to start the automobile engine in-theembodiment of the invention disclosed in Fig. 2, he will close switch 29on the contact 30, thus completing a circuit from the positive side ofthe storage battery 18 through high resistance armature 36 and shuntwinding 38 in parallelto the point 40, thence through the bucking coil39 (which will now act cumulatively with shunt coil 38), switch 29 andwinding 25 to the negative side of the storage battery. The flow ofcurrent through winding 25 will be suflicient to close the switch 23,thereby completing a second circuit as fol lows-from the positive sideof the storage battery, through low resistance armature 35, series fieldwindings 37, 37, contact 21, switch 23, contact 22, to the negative sideof the storage battery. The two armatures, it will be noted, are nowconnected in parallel and will act cumulatively to supply a high torqueto start the automobile engine. As the engine becomes self operative, itwill. drive the high resistance generator armature 36 to set up anopposing-E. M. F. 'to the E. -M. F. of the battery. The resultingdecreased energization of the winding 25 will cause the switch 23 toopen, thereby opening the circuit through series winding 37 and lowresistance armature 35. The armature 36 will supply the charging currentthrough winding 25 to charge the storage battery and to supply thelighting circuit 19. The field excitation will be supplied by the shuntfield coil 38, regulation being accomplished by the bucking coil 39-. Ifthe engine should tend to stall, resulting in a slowing down of thearmature 36, the battery will send a sufiiciently high current throughwinding 25 to close switch 23, again causing the dynamo-electric machineto act as a motor to start the automobile engine.

The example cited above relative to Fig. 1, will apply also to theembodiment disclosed in Fig. 2. Assuming, as before, that thedynamo-electric machinery will be operative to charge the battery whenthe automobile is running at a speed of ten miles an hour and that theengine will tend to stall when the automobile. running on high gear, isrunning at two miles per hour, there :will be the range of speedsbetween two and ten miles per hour during which the dynamo-electricmachinery is developing insufficient voltage to overcome the back E. M.F. of the battery, but during which the engine is perfectly operative todrive the car. According to the present mvention, during such periodonly the high resistance armature circuit 36 will be connected to thebattery, the low resistance parallel armature circuit 35 beingdisconnected bythe switch 23. In practice, the discharge through saidhigh resistance armature circuit will be so low as to be negligible.

Two embodiments of the present invention have been described in detailto illustrate its adaptability to two types of dynamo-electricmachinery. The invention may take various forms and may be applied toother types of dynamo-electric machinery 1n which a portion of thewindings are used to furnish current, which windings are usedcumulatively with the remaining windings under motoring conditions. Itis desired to cover in this case all modifications that fall within thescope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Having described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent of the United States is- 1. In a starting and chargingsystem in combination, dynamo electric machinery having both generatingand motoring functions, a storage battery, said dynamo electricmachinery having armature windings adapted to be connected to saidstorage battery for starting purposes andmeans connected in seriesbetween said battery and part only of said armature windings forconnecting said battery across all of said armature windings.

2. In combination, dynamo electric machinery having a plurality ofarmature circuits, a storage battery and means responsive to apredetermined motoring current delivered to said machinery by saidbattery to connect all of said armature circuits in circuit with saidbattery, said means being biased to disconnect certain of said circuitsfrom said battery.

3. In combination, dynamo electric machinery having a plurality ofarmature circuits adapted to be connected in parallel, a storage batteryand means responsive to a relatively heavy motoring current delivered tosaid machinery by said battery to connect all said armature circuits incircuit with said battery, said means being biased to disconnect certainof said circuits from said battery.

4. In combination, dynamo electric machinery, adapted to perform eithermotormg or generating functions, said machinery being provided with aplurality of armature exciting means, all of which are operative duringmotoring and only part of which are operative during generating, astorage battery and means responsive to the difference of potentialbetween said machinery and said battery for governing the remainder ofsaid armature exciting means.

5. In combination, dynamo electric machinery adapted to perform eithermotoring mining whether or not said armature cir-' cuits shall actaccumulatively.

6. In combination, dynamo electric machinery adapted to perform eithermotoring or generating functions said machinery being provided with aplurality of arms.- ture exciting means adapted to act cumulativelyduring the motoring period but only part of which is adapted to beoperative during the generating period, a storage battery connected tosaid machinery and means for rendering the remainder operative shouldthe E. M. F. developed by said ma: chinery fail.

7. In combination, dynamo electric machinery adapted to perform eithermotoring or generating functions, said machinery being provided with aplurality of armature exciting means adapted to act cumulatively duringthe motoring period but only part of which is adapted to be operativeduring the generating period, a storage battery connected to saidmachinery and means connected in series between said machinery and saidstorage battery for renderin the remainder operative should the E. F. developed by said machinery fail.

8. In combination, dynamo electric machinery having both generating andmotor- I ing functions and provided with a plurality of armaturecircuits, a storage battery and means responsive to the difference ofotential between said battery and the E. F. set up by certain circuitsfor connecting said battery to deliver motoring current to all of saidcircuits.

9. In combination, dynamo electric machinery having both generating andmotorinfg functions and provided with a plurality o armature excitingcircuits which act cumulatively under motoring conditions but of whichonly a portion are operative under generating conditions, a storagebattery and means responsive to the voltage produced by said portion forgoverning the remainder of said circuits.

10. In combination, dynamo electric machinery having both generating andmotoring functions and provided with a plurality of armature excitingcircuits which act cumulatively under motoring conditions but of whichonly a portion are operative under means in series between saidmachinery and generating conditions, a storage battery and said batteryfor governing the remainder of said circuits.

11. In combination, dynamo electric inachinery adapted to be connected.to an internal combustion engine for starting same and also to be drivenby same, said machinery being provided with a plurality of armatureexciting circuits which act cumulatively under starting conditions butof which only a portion are operative When said machinery is beingdriven by said engine and means operative when said engine tends to 10stall to control the remainder of said armature circuits.

In Witness whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name.

THOMAS R. DU BOIS.

